这是 Elasticsearch 的官方文档。 你可以在这里找到 elasticsearch 的所有文档。
Elasticsearch 是一个基于 Lucene 库的搜索引擎。它提供了一个分布式、支持多租户的全文搜索引擎,具有HTTP Web接口和无模式JSON文档。
注意: ${VERSION}
需替换为指定版本,官方包有的功能只能试用,完整功能需要付费,请仔细阅读官网文档。
https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-${VERSION}-windows-x86_64.zip
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-${VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-${VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512
$ shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-${VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512
$ tar -xzf elasticsearch-${VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
$ cd elasticsearch-${VERSION}/
$ curl -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-${VERSION}-darwin-x86_64.tar.gz
$ curl https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-${VERSION}-darwin-x86_64.tar.gz.sha512 | shasum -a 512 -c -
$ tar -xzf elasticsearch-${VERSION}-darwin-x86_64.tar.gz
$ cd elasticsearch-${VERSION}/
启动 Elasticsearch
$ ./bin/elasticsearch
设置密码
export ELASTIC_PASSWORD="your_password"
测试是否启动成功
curl --cacert $ES_HOME/config/certs/http_ca.crt -u elastic:$ELASTIC_PASSWORD https://localhost:9200
成功则返回样例如下:
{
"name" : "Cp8oag6",
"cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
"cluster_uuid" : "AT69_T_DTp-1qgIJlatQqA",
"version" : {
"number" : "${VERSION}",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "f27399d",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_date" : "2016-03-30T09:51:41.449Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "9.10.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "1.2.3"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
RDMS | elasticsearch |
---|---|
数据库(database) | 索引(index) |
表(table) | 类型(type) |
行(row) | 文档(document) |
列(column) | 字段(field) |
表结构 | 映射 |
索引 | 全文索引 |
SQL | 查询DSL |
SELECT * FROM tablename | GET http://... |
UPDATE table SET | PUT http://... |
DELETE | DELETE http://... |
$ curl -X<VERB> '<PROTOCOL>://<HOST>:<PORT>/<PATH>?<QUERY_STRING>' -d '<BODY>'
VERB HTTP
方法:GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETEPROTOCOL
:http 或者 https 协议(只有在 Elasticsearch 前面有 https 代理的时候可用)HOST
:Elasticsearch 集群中的任何一个节点的主机名,如果是在本地的节点,那么就叫 localhostPORT
:Elasticsearch HTTP 服务所在的端口,默认为 9200PATH API 路径
(例如_count 将返回集群中文档的数量),PATH:可以包含多个组件,例如_cluster/stats 或者_nodes/stats/jvmQUERY_STRING
:一些可选的查询请求参数,例如?pretty 参数将使请求返回更加美观易读的 JSON 数据BODY
:一个 JSON 格式的请求主体(如果请求需要的话)http://localhost:9200/
PUT /user_info
{
"settings": { "number_of_replicas": 1, "number_of_shards": 1 },
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"id": { "type": "long", "index": true },
"username": { "type": "keyword", "index": true },
"nickname": { "type": "keyword", "index": true },
"password": { "type": "keyword", "index": false },
"age": { "type": "integer", "index": true },
"info": { "type": "text", "index": true },
"remark": { "type": "text", "index": true }
}
}
}
curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/user_info" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "settings": { "number_of_replicas": 1, "number_of_shards": 1 }, "mappings": { "properties": { "id": { "type": "long", "index": true }, "username": { "type": "keyword", "index": true }, "nickname": { "type": "keyword", "index": true }, "password": { "type": "keyword", "index": false }, "age": { "type": "integer", "index": true }, "info": { "type": "text", "index": true }, "remark": { "type": "text", "index": true } } } }'
settings
: 设置索引的信息number_of_shards
: 每个索引的主分片数,一旦索引创建后,无法修改此配置number_of_replicas
: 每个主分片的副本数,此配置可随时修改mappings
: 索引映射定义properties
: 字段定义。使用 JSON 配置,键为字段名称(自定义),值为嵌套 JSON,其中 type
指定字段的类型其他参数很多,请参考官网资料
DELETE /user_info
curl -XDELETE "http://localhost:9200/user_info"
# 查看索引是否存在
HEAD /user_info
# 查看索引是否存在
curl -XHEAD "http://localhost:9200/user_info"
POST /user_info/_open
curl
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_open"
POST /user_info/_close
curl
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_close"
POST /user_info/_alias/user1
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_alias/user1"
DELETE /user_info/_alias/user1
curl -XDELETE "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_alias/user1"
GET /_alias/user1
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/_alias/useraa"
类似修改数据库中列的操作
GET /user_info/_mapping
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_mapping"
PUT /user_info/_mapping
{
"properties":{
"sex":{ "type":"keyword" }
}
}
curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_mapping" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "properties":{ "sex":{ "type":"keyword" } } }'
注意
: 需要注意的是字段映射只能增加,不能更改删除
POST /user_info/_doc/1
{
"id":1,
"username":"username",
"password":"123456",
"nickname":"nickname",
"age":18,
"info":"一些个人相关的介绍",
"remark":"备注信息",
"sex":"男"
}
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "id":1, "username":"username", "password":"123456", "nickname":"nickname", "age":18, "info":"一些个人相关的介绍", "remark":"备注信息", "sex":"男" }'
类似数据库中的 select * from user_info;
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "query": { "match_all": {} } }'
类似数据库中的 select * from user_info where id = 1;
GET /user_info/_doc/1
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_doc/1"
类似数据库中的模糊查询 select * from user_info where info like '%人%';
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": { "match": { "info": "人" } }
}
类似数据库中的 select * from user_info where username = 'username';
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [ { "term": { "username": "username" } } ]
}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "term": { "username": "username" } } ] } } }'
类似数据库中的范围查询 select * from user_info where age between 18 and 30;
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gt": 18,
"lt": 30
}
}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "query": { "range": { "age": { "gt": 18, "lt": 30 } } } }'
类似数据库中的 and 查询 select * from user_info where age > 18 and sex = '男';
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "range": { "age": { "gt": 18 } } },
{ "term": { "sex": "男" } }
]
}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "query": { "bool": { "must": [ { "range": { "age": { "gt": 17 } } }, { "term": { "sex": "男" } } ] } } }'
类似数据库中的 limit 查询 select * from user_info limit 10;
GET /user_info/_search
{
"size": 10,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "size": 1, "query": { "match_all": {} } }'
类似数据库中的 limit 查询 select * from user_info limit 0,10;
GET /user_info/_search
{
"size": 2,
"from": 1,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "size": 2, "from": 1, "query": { "match_all": {} } }'
size
: 10 表示我们想要返回的结果数量是10条from
: 20 表示我们想要从结果集中的第21条记录开始返回(因为偏移是从0开始的)query
: {"match_all": {}}
是一个匹配所有文档的查询,因为我们没有特定的查询条件,只是想要分页结果类似数据库中的 or 查询 select * from user_info where age > 18 or sex = '男';
GET /user_info/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"range": {
"age": { "gt": 18 }
}
},
{
"term": { "sex": "男" }
}
]
}
}
}
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_search" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{ "query": { "bool": { "should": [ { "range": { "age": { "gt": 18 } } }, { "term": { "sex": "男" } } ] } } }'
类似数据库中的 delete 查询 delete from user_info where id = 3;
# 删除文档
DELETE /user_info/_doc/3
# 删除文档
curl -XDELETE "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_doc/3"
类似数据库中的 delete 查询 delete from user_info where age > 18;
POST /user_info/_delete_by_query
{
"query": {
"range": { "age": { "gt": 18 } }
}
}
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/user_info/_delete_by_query" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"query":{"range":{"age":{"gt":18}}}}'